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| 530 BC |
| | Cyrus the Great is buried in an austerely impressive tomb at Pasagardae, in Persia | |
| | Pasagardae, Tomb of Cyrus Fotofile CG
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| 522 BC |
| | Darius I wins the Persian throne and ushers in the heyday of the Achaemenid empire | |
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| 518 BC |
| | Darius starts to build a spectacular new palace and capital at Persepolis | |
| | Persepolis, relief of guards Fotofile CG
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| c. 500 BC |
| | A Persian rug, woven with a knotted pile, is placed in the tomb of a Scythian chieftain and survives to this day | |
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| c. 500 BC |
| | The 10,000 elite troops of the Persian empire, known as the Immortals, demonstrate the power of a professional standing army | |
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| c. 500 BC |
| | The great network of roads built by Darius I has at its centre the 2000-mile royal road from Susa to Sardis | |
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| c. 500 BC |
| | Darius I adopts Zoroastrianism as the religion of the Persian empire | |
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| c. 500 BC |
| | The Magi, possibly converting from an earlier Iranian religion, become the priests of Zoroastrianism | |
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| c. 500 BC |
| | Hockey, like polo, is a team game in the Persian empire | |
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| 493 BC |
| | After six years the Persians recover control of Ionia, but Athens is now identified as a target for invasion | |
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